Police Jurisdiction Essay - 797 Words

History of Police Agencies and their Jurisdictions Chelsea Peterson CJA/240 December 10, 2011 Professor Konopasek History of Police Agencies and their Jurisdictions The development of police agencies can be followed back to the Early English colonial days. As time continued, so did the improvements of the police agencies of law enforcement today. The first police department was established in 1731 was the Boston Police Department. Within each police agency, they also have their own jurisdiction of federal level, state, local, and private levels. The biggest protector of America is the Department of Homeland Security that includes jurisdiction of the†¦show more content†¦Each jurisdiction can overlap with one another, differ in priorities, incompatible technologies, and turf issues can come into conflict (Schmalleger, 2009). State jurisdiction aids local and federal agencies in crime fighting, emergency responses, and investigation activities. State agencies include highway p atrol or state police. Local levels of law enforcement patrol the local areas within towns and cities to maintain order and investigate crimes. Local law enforcement includes campus police, constables, sheriff departments, etc. The federal jurisdiction is in charge of the entire nation. Federal level focuses more on drug and human trafficking, immigration, gun and drug smuggling, safety of transportation, or any issues that crosses state lines and boarders. Then we have Homeland Security that protects America from terrorist attacks. Federal agencies include the FBI, Department of Justice, Homeland Security, and other federal agencies. â€Å"The FBI has primary jurisdiction for all domestic counterterrorism investigations and intelligence operations, but the USA PATRIOT Act and other post-9/11 homeland security measures emphasize the need for sharing national security intelligence information among agencies at all levels as full partners (Schertzing, 2007, p.190)†. Homeland se curity began their operations of March 2003 with former Pennsylvania governor TomShow MoreRelatedTribal Criminal Jurisdiction 1124 Words   |  4 Pagesthe past. The Federal Government began intrude onto Indian Land. In 1817 the U.S passed the General Crimes Act1, whcih gave the Federal Government jurisdiction in Indian Country when a crime was commited if either the victim or derfendent was a non-Native. Then, in 1885, the U.S passed the Major Crimes Act2 which gave the Federal Government jurisdiction in Indian Country over major crimes, such as murder, when the defendent was a Native. The Major Crimes Act was enacted in 1885 as a response toRead More Courts Essay1059 Words   |  5 Pages The jurisdiction of the federal courts is defined in Article III, Section 2, of the Constitution, as extending in law and equity to all cases arising under the Constitution and federal legislation; to controversies to which the U.S. shall be a party, including those arising from treaties with other governments; to admiralty and maritime cases; to controversies between states; to controversies between a state, or its citizens, and foreign governments or their subjects; and to controversies betweenRead MoreLaw Enforcement History: Historical Development of Police Agencies and Their Jurisdictions1017 Words   |  4 PagesThe Historical Development of Police Agencies and Their Jurisdictions: An Analysis Man is cruel and competitive. For these reasons, man often times wrongs others in society. And for this reason, it is necessary to have a law enforcement agency, whether local, state-based, or federal. In the absence of the rule of law, society would not be able to function, and man must make a pact that, in order to live and be protected within society, he must obey these laws. Police agencies often times serve asRead MoreCase Analysis : Geico 1122 Words   |  5 PagesJacob Mathis, its registered agent for service of process at, 2001 Park Hill Drive, Fort Worth, Texas 76110. III. Jurisdiction and Venue 3.01 This Court has jurisdiction over the subject matter of this lawsuit because the amount in controversy complies with the minimum amount necessary to invoke the subject matter jurisdiction of this Court. This Court may exercise personal jurisdiction over each Defendant in that each Defendant either is a Texas corporation that conducts business in Texas, or is anRead MoreEssay about Magistrates Court Research Assignment1776 Words   |  8 PagesOutcome 3: Magistrates court research assignment 1. Define key legal terminology such as court hierarchy, jurisdiction court personnel Court hierarchy A court hierarchy is a structure or or order of rank of courts within a state or country. The court hierarchy allows each court to deal with specific types of cases according to the seriousness of the crime and the courts jurisdiction. Hence, courts dealing with more serious offences would be higher in the court hierarchy than the courts dealingRead MoreCourt Structure in Srilanka2485 Words   |  10 Pageswith primary jurisdiction; the respective legal domains of each are provided in the Code of Criminal Procedure.      The preponderant majority of criminal law cases are initiated at a Magistrate’s Court. These cases may be initiated by any police officer, or public servant, with a written or oral complaint to the magistrate (see section on Magistrate’s Court).   Murder trials and various offenses against the State originate in a High Court (see section on High Courts).    Original jurisdiction over mostRead MoreEssay on criminal procedure2488 Words   |  10 Pagesdecide on cases they wish to handle however they are limited to Jurisdiction. There are three types of jurisdictions and they are; Territorial jurisdiction, Local jurisdiction and power to try cases. Firstly, in accordance to territorial jurisdiction, section 4(1) of the penal code cap120 lays down the extent of the jurisdiction of the courts of Uganda. It should be noted that the general rule under this section is simply that the jurisdiction of Ugandan courts is confined to crimes committed within theRead MoreEssay on Law Test Questions5408 Words   |  22 Pageslack of federal court jurisdiction. The circumstances of the case are as follows: Brianna, an African-American from Flint, Michigan, is suing the police department of the City of Detroit, Michigan for $70,000, claiming that under the Federal Civil Rights Act they discriminated against her in promoting three men of European ancestry ahead of her to be sergeant who were allegedly less qualified (she had the same amount of experience that they had, they scored lower on the police aptitude test, they graduatedRead MorePower Functions of Courts in Bangladesh4587 Words   |  19 PagesAppellate Division and the High Court D ivision. The Appellate Division The Appellate Division of the Supreme Court has no original jurisdiction. As like as the High Court Division the source of jurisdiction of the Appellate division is also two- the constitution and ordinary law. But an ordinary law can give the Appellate Division only appellate jurisdiction as stated in Article 103(4) of the Constitution. For example, section 6A of the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1980 provides that appealRead MoreExamining The Following Strategies For A Higher Branch Within The Judicial System Essay1846 Words   |  8 PagesWhen analyzing the following strategies as a comparison, my finding results illustrate some similarities and some differences; however, these comparisons listed below: Original Jurisdiction consists of the judicial system having the authority to observe a case first before further examination of the evidence needing to decide in a higher courtroom setting. The objective here is to see if the evidence is worth sending up to a higher branch within the judicial system courts or for the courts to waive

The differences between goals and objectives Free Essays

Abstract When clearly defined, goals and objectives can be used as major management strategies which in turn lead to the success of an organization. It is important to note that the differences between goals and objectives have important practical meanings. Hence, this paper will briefly explain the differences between these two from the strategic management point of view. We will write a custom essay sample on The differences between goals and objectives or any similar topic only for you Order Now Differences between a goal and an objective Goals are extensive while objectives tend to be narrow. This means that having set important goals, one may move on to objectives as they are more of sub goals. In other words, achieving any set goal will require one to formulate a number of questions that will enable one reach their goals in any project. Therefore, these questions make up the objectives which are specific and narrow and which also act as a milestone that aids in achieving a set goal. Thus, goals can be differentiated from objectives as they have general intentions with objectives being more defined (Lewis, 1996). In addition, goals can also be differentiated from objectives as they are abstracts with objectives being more concrete. This means that goals are more of a summary with objectives bearing more details with regards to the abstracts. As well, the goals will only stipulate where one wants to be with objectives giving the steps needed to get there or actions that will enable one be where they want to be. In turn, from the strategic management point of view, goals end up indeterminate as their intentions cannot be measured with objectives being measurable (Lewis, 1996). Further more, a goal can be said to be intangible while objectives may be tangible. This means that a goal is something that may be directed towards achieving non measurable tasks with objectives directed towards achieving measurable things. Moreover, the two can also be differentiated as they take different time frames. For instance, goals tend to have longer time frames when compared to objectives. As well, since objectives are more precise and existing under a goal, they are mostly set to achieve certain targets with the time frame being short term (Lewis, 1996). How to cite The differences between goals and objectives, Papers

Financial Management Capital Asset Pricing Model

Question: Discuss about the Financial Managementfor Capital Asset Pricing Model. Answer: Introduction In financial management, one of the most significant components is managing the portfolio for investment purpose. However, the investors must require to have good knowledge for optimum investment that considers the factors of risk, return, nature and timing of investment. For this purpose, Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is the most common and essential model that is used to determine the expected return on investment. It represents the equation, which specifies market risk, government risk-free rate, market rate premium to generate the expected return for the investors (Barberis et al. 2015). The model reflects the expected rate of return by considering the essential elements of finance i.e. market risk, market premium and risk free rate of return. It is represented graphically by using Capital Market Line and Security Market Line to measure the relationship between risk and price of the securities. It is used for budgeting investment capital by the business organizations that de termine the expected return and thereby determine the net present value from the proposed investment (Almeida et al. 2016). Discussion Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is used to measure a required rate of return on acquisition of an asset that assists in making investment decisions for an optimum portfolio management. The model is used to determine the cost of equity by considering the risk factor called beta of the stock (de Azevedo et al. 2015). The model uses a formula to determine a linear relationship between the required or expected return on the investments and the potential systematic risk on the securities trading on the stock exchange market. The method is also used to measure the return and risk factor for the investments to be made in the business organizations. The risk and return of the investment is measured by using the CAPM formula E (ri) = Rf + (E (rm) Rf) where E (ri) represents required return on investment (i), Rf represents risk-free return, is the risk factor of the investment (i) and E (rm) represents the capital market return at an average rate (Jnior et al. 2016). The CAPM theory is based on certain assumptions indicated on investors requirements and expectations. First assumption of the theory is that the aim of all the investors is to maximize the economic values and therefore investment assets are fixed in nature and quantity. Second assumption of the theory is that all the investors are reluctant to take risk hence they hold diversified investments to minimize the systematic risk while the unsystematic risk has been ignored. Third assumption is based on the ability of the investors to influence the price of the assets. It means that the capital market is perfect and investors are not able to influence the price of the securities (Andonov, Eichholtz and Kok 2015). Further, the CAM model does not consider the factor of tax costs, transaction costs and all the securities are graphed on the same Security Market Line. It has also been assumed that there is equal amount of information available to the asset holders as well as they have equal exp ectations with respect to the returns on investment. For the purpose of portfolio investment CAPM model also assumes that the asset holders have the choice of borrowing and lending investing money at risk-free return (Novak 2015). The two significant components of the CAM model is Security Market Line and Capital Market Line that are represented on a graph to measure the factors involved in the investment. The Security Market Line (SML) represents the various level of market risk of financial assets or securities drawn against the market expected return at a point of time. It is also known as characteristic line which is disclosed by the terms of risk i.e. beta on the x-axis as well as the expected return on y-axis (Bhala, Yeh and Bhala 2016). On the other hand, Capital Market Line (CML) represents the expected return rates for the competent investments or securities subjected to the risk on market return and risk-free return. SML measures the expected market risk and return at a particular time while CML represents the relation between required return on risk free investments and the risk levels for a particular portfolio (Mao and Zhu 2015). The slope of Capital Market Line is measured by using the Sharpe Ratio which is stated as Expected return deducted by the risk-free rate of return whole divided by standard deviation. On the contrary, SML defines the function between expected return and market risk. For instance, real risk- free rate of a security is 6.00% and market risk premium i.e. (rm rf) is 5%, accordingly the SML will be represented as E (ri) = rf + (rm rf) i.e. E (ri) = 6 + 5. CAPM is one of the most celebrated models in financial management that assists the investors in managing the investment portfolio, analysis of equity stocks and capital budgeting. One of the essential advantages of CAPM model is the use of systematic risk that is the volatility of stocks on account of economy and effects all the securities in the same direction with unequal sensitivity (Uthman et al. 2015). Another advantage of using this model is derivation of relationship within the return on securities required by the investors and risk on securities as per market ignoring all other factors. Since the model considers the economic market risk therefore, it is advantageous to determine the equity cost using CAPM model. It also provides clear and unambiguous result on investment return, risk and cost of securities over other models of financial management (Kahn and Lemmon 2016). Besides, it is argued by many theorists that the CAPM model lacks the use of various important financial and investment elements that reflects several disadvantages of the model. The model considers risk free rate of return to measure the other variables of securities which is a yield on government bonds that are of short term period. Since the yield on securities change on daily basis concerning the risk and deviation, using the fixed rate of return would not determine the correct value of the equity cost, risk or expect return. Further, derivation of expected return on equity is difficult because the market return is a derivation from the average capital gain and dividend in the stock market that can be negative in the short term. It happens due to fall in price of securities and the expected return is not stable at a given point of time (Brown, Tian and Tucker 2015). Moreover, the model use the assumption of borrowing at risk- free rate which reveals unrealistic report because ind ividuals are not able to borrow at the risk free rate. Therefore, investors are bound to incur borrowing charges at higher rates that eventually lowers the expected return on investments. Considering the other assumptions, the CAPM ignores the tax costs, transaction costs and other relevant charges while determining the expected return of the securities. In the present market economy, taxation and other charges are the most significant charges that the investors are required to pay on their income (Bravo, Cacha and Quiones 2015). Hence, avoiding these charges and cost factors, correct results of the expected return, investment risks and cost is difficult to ascertain. Despite of several criticisms, CAPM is utilized in various financial decisions by the organizations as well as by the individual investors. One of the important corporate decision is capital budgeting that requires an optimum decision for proposed capital investment for the purpose of business expansion. For this purpose, CAPM determines the rate of return that companies expect from proposed investment. It is measured by computing beta i.e. potential risk from the equivalent trading firms. For instance, Beta of the similar form in the industry is = 1.6, rf= 6%, E (rm) = 14%, therefore hurdle rate E (r project) = 0.06 + 1.6 (0.14- 0.06) = 18.8%. Using the expected return derived by using the CAPM model, the company determines the Net Present Value of the project proposed to be invested for. The model also serves the purpose to equate the value of equity and analyze the securities investment by the companies (Thijssen and Delaney 2015). It is regulated for the specific project to esta blish fair reimburse for the investments that affects the monopoly business and companies that involves the annual profit factor risk factors. CAPM model is also used in the measurement of investment portfolio diversification that determines the risk in the investment, return to be earned from the investment in financial securities. Moreover, the model considers the systematic risk related to the market industry, which cannot be diversified by the investors. Since the market risk is unavoidable by the investing companies and individuals, the CAPM model does not consider unsystematic risk because it specific to the particular investment that can be avoided. Accordingly, investor companies or individuals use CAPM model to determine their expected return by considering the market risk and risk- free government bonds (de Castro Dias, da Cunha and da Silva 2016). In view of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), it can be said that even though the model has several criticism, it is still the optimum model to measure the expected return rate and risk factor of the investors. It is recommended that the model can be used if the investors plan to invest in a specific investment securities to determine the potential return and risk elements. Further, if the investors are likely to invest for short- term period preferably one year, then the CAPM model is can be used to measure the expected rate of return with accuracy. Since the model prefers the borrowing amount at risk-free rate investors can avail government bonds for acquiring funds to invest in equity securities (Bhala, Yeh and Bhala 2016). In this situation, investors are also not liable for tax cost and other charges because the investment is for short- term period and does not involve transaction cost and other financial charges. Therefore, the investors are able to measure correct expecte d return on investments and capital budgeting purpose. The CAPM model uses the assumption to ascertain the rate of return in a market that is perfectly competitive, therefore in order to determine the expected return, investors are recommended to acquire securities from open market. Company investors and individual investors are recommended to invest through the securities from stock exchange market to avoid the differential risk elements. In order to avoid further risk and maximize the expected return on investments, investors may invest in diversified securities by creating optimum portfolio management. Such diversification would enable the investors to minimize the risk factor because the unsystematic risk i.e. securities risk varies from specific company to company. Conclusion It is concluded from the above discussion that CAPM reflects different approach to measure the elements of risk and return in an investment. It assists in determining the financial decision using capital budgeting, portfolio management and equity stock valuation. The model is used o determine the expected return of the investment by considering the elements of risk, market premium and government return rate. The model uses various assumptions that are criticized by theorists based on the borrowing or lending rates, period of investment, cost of investment etc., which does not provide the expected return based on the realistic picture. Corporate investors require to measure the rate of return, net benefit and loss as well as the potential risk from the proposed investment. Such measurement can be ascertained through CAPM model but it does not consider the tax cost and other transaction cost. As per the present scenario, taxation cost plays an important role for the investors income he nce; ignoring the taxation cost would not reflect the correct return. Besides, the model considers the entire market risk which is unavoidable and significant to evaluate the net income from investment. The model also considers the risk- free government bond rate while measuring the rate of return that are issued for short- term period. Therefore, it is the best model to be used for the specific investment in the short- term period since it considers the total market risk for investment companies and individuals. Reference List Almeida, G.L., Petralia, G., Ferro, M., Ribas, C.A.P.M., Detti, S., Jereczek-Fossa, B.A., Matei, D.V., Coman, I. and De Cobelli, O., 2016. Role of Multi-Parametric Magnetic Resonance Image and PIRADS Score in Patients with Prostate Cancer Eligible for Active Surveillance According PRIAS Criteria.Urologia internationalis,96(4), pp.459-469. Andonov, A., Eichholtz, P. and Kok, N., 2015. Intermediated investment management in private markets: Evidence from pension fund investments in real estate.Journal of Financial Markets,22, pp.73-103. Barberis, N., Greenwood, R., Jin, L. and Shleifer, A., 2015. X-CAPM: An extrapolative capital asset pricing model.Journal of Financial Economics,115(1), pp.1-24. Bhala, K.T., Yeh, W. and Bhala, R., 2016.International Investment Management: Theory, Ethics and Practice. Routledge. Bravo, R.C., Cacha, J.M.M. and Quiones, V.A.H., 2015, July. Sustainability and Dynamism of R Factor to Preserve the Viability of Investment Portfolios: Mature Field Oil Contracts in Peruvian Northwest. InSPE Latin American and Caribbean Health, Safety, Environment and Sustainability Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers. Brown, S.V., Tian, X.S. and Tucker, J.W., 2015. The spillover effect of SEC comment letters on qualitative corporate disclosure: Evidence from the risk factor disclosure.Jenny Wu, The Spillover Effect of SEC Comment Letters on Qualitative Corporate Disclosure: Evidence from the Risk Factor Disclosure (January 18, 2015). de Azevedo, J.R., Torres, O.J., Beraldi, R.A., Ribas, C.A. and Malafaia, O., 2015. Prognostic evaluation of severe sepsis and septic shock: Procalcitonin clearance vs Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.Journal of critical care,30(1), pp.219-e9. de Castro Dias, T.C.A., da Cunha, A.C. and da Silva, J.M.C., 2016. Return on investment of the ecological infrastructure in a new forest frontier in Brazilian Amazonia.Biological Conservation,194, pp.184-193. Jnior, W.F.B., Almeida, G.L., Ribas, C.A., Ribas Filho, J.M. and De Cobelli, O., 2016. EORTC Risk Model to Predict Progression in Patients With NonMuscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Is It Safe to Use in Clinical Practice?.Clinical genitourinary cancer,14(2), pp.176-182. Kahn, R.N. and Lemmon, M., 2016. The Asset Manager's Dilemma: How Smart Beta Is Disrupting the Investment Management Industry.Financial Analysts Journal,72(1), pp.15-20. Mao, S. and Zhu, T., 2015. The Technique and Management of Investment Control in Metro Engineering. InInformation Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference, China(pp. 207-211). Novak, J., 2015. Systematic Risk Changes, Negative Realized Excess Returns and Time-Varying CAPM Beta.Finance a Uver,65(2), p.167. Thijssen, J.J.J. and Delaney, L., 2015. The impact of voluntary disclosure on a firms investment policy.European Journal of Operational Research, pp.232-242. Uthman, O.A., Hartley, L., Rees, K., Taylor, F., Ebrahim, S. and Clarke, A., 2015. Multiple risk factor interventions for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in lowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ and middleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ income countries.The Cochrane Library.

The True Sign of Maturity Essay Example For Students

The True Sign of Maturity Essay The True Sign of Maturity Essay To live with fear and not be afraid is the greatest sign of maturity. If this is true, then Mark Twains Huck Finn is the greatest example of maturity. Huck is the narrator of Twains book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In the book Huck, a young boy from the American South, travels down the Mississippi River with a runaway slave. The two encounter many adventures and meet many different people. We will write a custom essay on The True Sign of Maturity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Along the way, not only does Huck mature, but he also becomes a kind and loyal person, sometimes going against the values of society. This is shown through his many experiences with the Duke and the King, the Peter Wilks scam, and Jim. Huck displays his kindness when he picks up two strangers and lets them travel with him and Jim. Here comes a couple of men tearing up the path They begged me to save their lives and wanted to jump right inI says: Wade down to me and get in. (19). These two men are complete strangers, and Huck knows that they are being chased, so they are obviously troublemakers. Yet he takes them in, and welcomes them aboard, showing great compassion. Later, the two men lie to Huck and Jim. Huck does not say a thing, though he realizes they are lying. But I never said nothing, never let on; kept it to myself; its the best way; then you dont have no quarrels, and dont get into no troubleI hadnt no objections, long as it would keep peace in the family. (19). It is now clear to Huck that these men are not going to be a blessing to him and Jim. Still, he never says a thing, and just wants to have a friendly atmosphere between all of them. He goes as far as to refer to them as family. Huck even treats liars with kindness and concern. More of Hucks kindness is shown during the Peter Wilks scam. He feels bad for the three daughters, because the Duke and the King are trying to take their late father, Peters, money. While talking to the eldest daughter, Mary Jane, Huck establishes himself as a kind and compassionate person in general. Miss Mary Jane, you cant a-bear to see people in trouble, and I cantmost always. (28). This shows that, no matter who the person, Huck can not stand to see anyone go through pain. Later, in the same situation, Huck becomes close to these girls and can not bear to see the two frauds take advantage of the girls any longer. Huck resolves to expose the two. He says to Mary Jane, I got to tell you the truth, Miss Mary. ..These uncles of yourn aint no uncles at all; theyre a couple of frauds.(28). Although Huck has not known the Wilks girls long, he still has a kind heart toward them. In terms of society, Huck should keet allegiance to the two frauds, because he has known them for a while and they are treating him well. However, Huck is able to foresee the pain that this will cause the girls later. Such kindness is rare in a human. Finally, Huck displays not only kindness, but great loyalty, towards his best friend, a runaway slave named Jim. This man is not even seen as a person in Hucks society. After staging his death and running away to Jacksons Island, Huck runs into Miss Watsons nigger, Jim. Soon after, Huck inquires about how Jim came to be on the island. Jim replies cautiously, and Huck promises not to tell anyone about it. So Jim tells him. WellI-I run off. .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78 , .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78 .postImageUrl , .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78 , .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78:hover , .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78:visited , .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78:active { border:0!important; } .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78:active , .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78 .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue8e332ca0f100711ceb01be99b4c5d78:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reformations Of School Essay..Remember, you said you wouldnt tell. (8). In this society, the greatest sin is to be an abolitionist. Huck is well aware of this. Nonetheless, he remains loyal to Jim throughout the novel. At one point of the story, after Jim has been sold by the Duke and King, Huck needs to decide whether to go after Jim or not. During a great moral debate, Huck writes a letter to Miss Watson, telling Jims whereabouts. Soon after writing it, he feels bad about his decision. He thinks hard, then makes a decision. I studied .

Comparative Academic Review The WritePass Journal

Comparative Academic Review Introduction Comparative Academic Review IntroductionReference list: Related Introduction The aspects of psychiatric treatment of patients have been widely discussed in the academic literature on the subject in the last several decades. In two separate studies, Christina Katsakou et el. (2010) and Jelena Jankovic et. al (2011) trace the practical implications of treatment satisfaction and caregivers’ experiences respectively. Both studies cover specific aspects of psychiatric treatment in the UK. The first study focuses on the coercion and treatment satisfaction among patients, who have been admitted for psychiatric treatment involuntarily. The research, conducted in 2010, reveals the impact of coercion on the satisfaction of treatment among patients, as well as the psychological aspects of coercion. The study has been conducted as an observation in 22 hospitals in England, where a total of 778 patients were recruited (Katsakou et. al, 2010). Their satisfaction with the treatment they received has been measured at different stages: one week, one month, three months and one year after the admission. In order to measure the levels of satisfaction, the authors have used factors such as clinical improvement and clinical characteristics. The results from this study were obtained using standard statistical analysis, and indicated an increase in the satisfaction among involuntarily admitted patients between their first admission and the different follow ups. The second study, conduc ted in 2011, focuses on the experiences of family caregivers during involuntary hospital admissions of their relatives. It is a qualitative study, which used as a research method semi-structured interviews, conducted with 29 caregivers whose relatives have been admitted involuntary in 12 hospitals across England (Jankovic et.al., 2011). Throughout the study, major themes have been identified, such as relief and conflicting emotions, frustration with the delay of getting help, etc. The results of the second survey have concluded that the role of the family caregivers can be enhanced if their duties are valued enough, without turning into a burden. The purpose of this brief academic review is to critically compare both studies, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses and possible contributions to the literature on the subject. Both studies provide valuable insight on the subject of treatment of patients with mental illnesses, and reveal the interactive nature of the clinical process as a dynamic interaction between different elements – institutions, caregivers, and patients. Both studies manage to reveal the intricacy of the connection, which exists between coercion and satisfaction in the first case, and family caregivers as active elements in the process of involuntary admission in the second case. The first study uses a quantitative research method and statistical analysis, based on an observational study. The study has been conducted in 22 hospitals in England. The advantage of the choice of this method for the purposes of study is its accuracy and straightforwardness. Results obtained through observation are easier to analyse, and presented in a comprehensible and consistent manner. In terms of the design of the research, the use of timeline base is a feasible option, which meets the research aims of the study and unfolds different aspects of satisfaction among patients. The fact that the patients have been examined at three different periods following their first admission provides the researchers with the possibility to explore how satisfaction (or dissatisfaction) develops gradually. This is an important feature of the research design deployed, because here satisfaction is discussed in relation to memory and emotions, which change over time. This changeability has been ca ptured with the choice of the design. Also, it is a good way to operationalize and thus measure the main variable – patients’ satisfaction. Despite the fact that the operationalization of satisfaction was enhanced through the use of specific research design, the study could have also benefited from a bigger emphasis on open interviews, conducted with a certain (perhaps smaller) portion of the patients. This is because interviews allow for more abstract and personal issues to be uncovered in the research and these are issues which are usually unquantifiable and difficult to detect in observational studies and semi-structured interviews. As far as data collection is concerned, the authors of the first study have used two different models, designed to measure satisfaction   one concentrating on potential base lines predictions combining satisfaction scores from all time points (baselines, one month and three months) and another one concentrating on the results from the follow ups only. The data was analysed using a three step model, and applying standard linear statistical analysis (Katskakou et.al, 2010:287-288). This comprehensive choice of methods and models for data collection has enhanced linear results, which allow readers to obtain an extensive view of satisfaction not only as an isolated variable, but also as a process, which is happening over time. However, one of the weaknesses of this study in the methodological part is the sampling. The researchers have attempted to obtain a representative sample, covering hospitals from different geographic areas and patients of different ethnic and social backgrounds. Little, if anything is mentioned however on how the eligibility of the patients has been identified (eligibility criteria). Another weakness in the methodology part is related to the decreasing number of patients interviewed at the baseline, the first month and the third month and one year. For the baseline, the patients are 778, and for the one year follow up their number has decreased almost in double – 396 (Katskakou et.al., 2010: 289).   This might pose some problems related with the generalizability of the results obtained and the consistency of observations. Although it would be a formidable task to keep the number of patients at each point exactly the same, at least proximity in the numbers of interviewees could have been targeted. Another possible weakness of the study is related with the lack of causality between coercion and satisfaction. In other words, the study does not necessarily reveal a cause-effect relationship between the two, because coercion in this ob servation has been explored as an individual projection. However, this can also be looked at as an advantage, because a cause-effect relationship between two abstract concepts can oversimplify their existence in a particular setting. To compare, the second study uses a very different methodology. It is a qualitative study, and the variables measured here are even more abstract compared to the first study. The psychological aspects of personal experiences relating to care are difficult to capture and quantify, and this is important to mention in the methodological review of the second study. In terms of choice of methods, the authors have used semi-structured interviews, conducted among family caregivers of 29 patients admitted involuntary against 12 hospitals in England (Jankovic et.al., 2011: 1). Compared to the first study, here the sample is much smaller. It is arguable whether such a small sample can provide results, which are generalizable. Perhaps the authors have decided to choose smaller number of participants in order to observe the matter more closely. Here it is important to note that the issue of carers’ experiences is sensitive and often a stressful one. Therefore a smaller sample would give t he chance to conduct more detailed interviews, and thus capturing nuances of the matter, which remain unexamined in studies involving larger samples, due to time constraints. Another problem with the sample, just like in the first study, is its ability to represent the population. A closer look at the participant’s characteristics in the second study reveals that in more than 50 percent of the cases, the relationship of the carer to the patient is â€Å"parent† (Jankovic et.al., 2011: 3). This fact could have influenced the results, since parents tend to be much more concerned for their children. They are concerned first as patients, and then as carers therefore a more representative selection of the carers could have taken place (for example equal number of carers who are patients, partners, siblings or children). Yet, the study manages to make good use of thematic analysis, clustering answers of the patients and identifying four important themes – relief and conflicting emotions in response to the admission, frustration with the delay in getting help, being given the burden of care by services and difficulties with confidentiality (Jankovic et.al, 2011:3-4). Just like the first study, the methodology is well-implemented in terms of coding. In the second study, two independent researchers have been selected to code the interviews, and the results have been finalized through a joint discussion (Jankovic et.al, 2011:3). In both studies, the methods chosen have met the research criteria, and have been meticulously implemented to produce comprehensive and well-themed results. Also, the proposed hypotheses have been well tested. Here it is important to note that both studies tackle issues, which are not easily quantifiable or measurable. The first study concentrates on satisfaction among patients which have been involuntary admitted for treatment, while the other one focuses on an even more sensitive and abstract issue, related with personal experiences among family caregivers in the cases when patients have been admitted for treatment. Therefore the authors of both studies have made significant effort in the planning of the research, its design and implementation in order to make the themes of their research measurable. As a result both studies have managed to create consistent results. The first makes coercion and satisfaction measurable, with the implementation of a 0 to 5 scale of coercion and inco rporating the results in a separate model. Critics would suggest that the method implemented in the first study is too rigid for the investigation of issues, which are deeply psychological and reflect the personal perceptions of patients on the way they have been treated. Although the study could have benefited from a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, its reliance on quantitative techniques only does not affect the overall validity of the results. Perhaps one of the biggest strengths of this study is that through the interpretation of the results, the authors manage to reveal the connection between patients’ satisfaction and coercion as an individual perception. As already mentioned, the second study relies solely on a qualitative technique. They authors capture the nuances in the experiences of the caregivers, and interpret the results closely adhering to the themes, identified by them during the data analysis stage. Both studies deal with aspects of psychiatric treatment, which are challenging due to their specificity. Therefore they both make significant contribution to the literature and theory on the subject. The first study sheds light upon the complexity of coercion as an individual perception, and its results resonate with those obtained in earlier studies (Lidz et.al, 1998; Sorgard, 2004). Observing coercion as an individual perception, projected by patients as a result of hospital surroundings and treatment, shows a major transition in clinical psychology, and a shift towards a more constructive approach for understanding patients’ reactions. In this sense, this study can be classified as a constructivist study, because it measures how perceptions are formed and exemplified by particular patients in particular environments. It deviates from earlier studies on the subject, like the ones conducted by Svensson et al. (1994) and Spenseley (1980), which observe patients’ satisfa ction with treatment in their entirely empirical dimensions, ignoring individual projections. Similarly, the findings and conclusions from the second study (Jankovic et.al, 2011) resonate with conclusions from previous research on the subject (Simson et. al, 2002; Jones et.al, 2009). Therefore this study belongs to a particular body of literature in clinical psychology, which explores the psychological and social impact on families of care for people with mental disorders. Both studies contribute to their relative subjects, and might have important implications in terms of policy reform in health care services for people with mental illnesses in the UK. Recommendations for policy-makers in this sector, stemming from Jankovic’s study include an improved service, which would ensure that carers obtain proper assistance and cooperation from hospitals prior to the admission of mentally unwell relatives. This would have positive implications to the quality of treatment of mentally unwell patients, by enhancing cooperation between carers and institutions, which would inevitably lead to a better distribution of responsibilities. Katsakou’s study might have policy implications as well, because it reveals the necessity for interventions, which would reduce patients’ perceived coercion. In conclusion, both studies discussed in this review present specific aspects of treatment of mentally unwell patients. Despite some weaknesses in sampling, and some minor limitations, both studies make significant contributions in their relative fields, and offer new, and well-supported angles of interpretation on the themes they cover. Both studies make good use of research methods, despite the differences in the number of participants for the first and the second study. Some issues related to generalizability of the results have arisen, such as the decreasing number of observed patients in the first study and the small sample in the second study. Still, the data analysis and the interpretation of the results obtained have been meticulously carried out and well situated in the context of existing literature. In addition, both studies might serve as a basis for policy-reform in the UK healthcare system, ultimately leading to improvement of the latter. In sum, the studies present coh esive and well-researched conclusions and can be a useful reading for students and professionals, occupied in the field of Clinical Psychiatry, Health Services and Public Policy.   Reference list: Jankovic J, Yeeles K, Katsakou C, Amos T, Morriss R, Rose D, Nichol P, McCabe R, Priebe S (2011) ‘Family caregivers experiences of involuntary psychiatric hospital admissions of their relatives a qualitative study’, PLoS ONE 6(10): e25425. Jones IR, Nilufar A, Catty J, McLaren S, Rose D, Wykes T, et al. (2009) Illness careers and continuity of care in mental health services: A qualitative study of service users and carers. Soc Sci Med 69: 632–639. Katsakou C, Bowers L, Amos T, Morriss R, Rose D, Wykes T, Priebe S (2010) ‘Coercion and Treatment Satisfaction Among Involuntary Patients’, Psychiatric Services 61: 286-292 Lidz C, Mulvey EP, Hoge SK (1998)   et al: Factual sources of psychiatric patients’ perceptions of coercion in the hospital admission process. American Journal of Psychiatry 155:1254–1260 Simpson EL, House AO (2002) Involving users in the delivery and evaluation of mental health services: systematic review. BMJ 325: 1265–1268 Sorgaard K (2004): Patients’ perception of coercion in acute psychiatric wards: an intervention study. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 58:299–304 Spensley J, Edwards DW, White E (1980): Patient satisfaction and involuntary treatment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 50:725–729 Svensson B, Hansson L (1994) : Patient satisfaction with inpatient psychiatric care. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 90:379–384

Drama vs. Melodrama

Drama vs. Melodrama Drama vs. Melodrama Drama vs. Melodrama By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, What is the difference between â€Å"dramatic† and â€Å"melodramatic† in common usage, such as â€Å"Don’t be so dramatic† or â€Å"Don’t be so melodramatic†? In common usage, both words are used interchangeably to mean something like â€Å"don’t make such a fuss.† A similar negative use of the noun drama is seen in the expression â€Å"without the drama.† For example: With Cars.com, you get what you need without the drama. Michael Corleone might not have been able to leave the family, but luckily your friends at Foxtel let you leave without the drama. The tagline â€Å"disinfects without the drama† differentiates Betadine from other brands. Thanks to advertising, â€Å"without the drama† has leaked into general usage as shorthand for â€Å"without difficulty,† â€Å"without complication,† â€Å"without upset,† â€Å"without injured feelings,† â€Å"without tantrums,† etc. Here are examples from various non-advertising contexts: Sort out school fees without the drama 5 Picks to Keep Your Kids Active Without the Drama Merging the Stepfamilies Without the Drama Ever wondered what software development could be like without the drama? The expression â€Å"drama queen† has become popular to describe a self-centered person- man or woman- who makes an issue of trivial matters of comfort and personal indulgence. The conventional meaning of the word drama is â€Å"a composition in prose or verse, adapted to be acted upon a stage, in which a story is related by means of dialogue and action, and is represented with accompanying gesture, costume, and scenery, as in real life. A melodrama is a drama characterized by exaggeration and sensationalism. The acting style appropriate to a drama is realistic, whereas the acting in a melodrama is bombastic or excessively sentimental. Movies known as â€Å"tears are Sophie’s Choice, Kramer vs Kramer, Love Story, Dead Poets Society, Steel Magnolias, and Ghost. Movies with super heroes and super villains, like the Batman films, are also melodramas. The words melodrama and melodramatic are more precise choices than drama and dramatic to describe an excessive display of emotion. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business LetterThe Many Forms of the Verb TO BE50 Tips on How to Write Good

News assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

News - Assignment Example According to the news article, there was also police militarization when managing the protests in Ferguson. The turmoil continued on November 24th, 2014, after the law enforcement officer who shot Michael Brown was indicted by a grand jury. According to the Sneed (1), the writer who came up with the article, these problems are not Ferguson’s alone, but they represent an entire problem being faced by the entire United States. He argues that the problems might even be more dramatic in other regions of the Unites States, but they are not being reported. The law enforcement is faced with demands for increased protection and service in ghetto neighborhoods. However, the hostile patrol practices thought essential to meet these demands themselves lead to tension and hostility. The article identified factors such as lack of employment, education, housing and discriminatory traits towards a biased justice system and an improper government program, which led to the mass protests in Miss ouri (Sneed 1). Chapter 5 and 6 of Criminal Justice in America discusses the use of excessive force by police officers as well as the conclusions made concerning police officials (Cole, Smith and DeJong 107). There were detailed applications of forces by police officers against citizens, which violate either constitutional rights, as well as other departmental policies, through exceeding the degree of force permissible and significant in a given scenario. Some of the conclusions made about are that they use force infrequently, but they occur in the lower end of the force spectrum, which mainly involves pushing, grabbing or shoving (Cole et al. 109). Also, use of force normally takes place when police officers are attempting to make an arrest, but the suspects is opposing. From the Michael Brown shooting, we could see that the police definitely used excessive force to calm the situation, which eventually led to

Non-Verbal Communication Across Cultures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Non-Verbal Communication Across Cultures - Essay Example In this paper, the proponent tries to define the concept and relevance of non-verbal communication in business settings. In particular the differences are compared and contrasted as observed using specific cultures of Japan, and the UK. Furthermore, the proponent also discussed the business etiquette and the possible consequences of not being familiar with the correct etiquette. Other variables such as power, status, or gender are also included especially on their impacts on non-verbal communication. Silence The absence of words or specific level of reaction does not mean there is something totally void or emptiness about it. Not with the Japanese culture because silence or chinmoku says more than a word. In Japan silence does not mean to be a specific level of insult or something else because it is a communicative skill (Davies & Ikeno, 2002). In this country, silence is derived from the Japanese values and it is the main reason how it is significantly viewed important today in ever y walk of life and in different circumstances. It is considered as a virtue. Compared in the western culture, silence in the midst of communication in Japan on a daily basis stands in a longer duration and this is due to two most important factors: historical and dominance of group consciousness (Davies & Ikeno, 2002). ... UK on the other hand has strong individualistic culture which emphasizes strong level that is contained within individual competition (Brown & MacBean, 2005). Thus, it would appear that people in the UK are more dynamic in their response especially in the context of achieving competitive advantage. Eye contact In the UK, eye contact signifies respect, honesty and listening (Moore & Woodrow, 2009). This means how important it is to have eye contact when one is in the midst of a conversation in the UK. However, a bit of contrast happens in Japan. Eye contact may mean an insult because Japanese show politeness by not having direct eye contact for it is associated with aggression, insensitiveness, negative boldness, and other related emotional manifestation (Plotnik & Kouyoumdjian, 2010). Gestures There are deep vocabularies associated with gestures (Samovar, Porter, & McDaniel, 2009). In Japan, pointing to objects and at people require the entire hand which at some certain reasons would mean an insult to use a finger in doing so. In the UK, this would bring out different meaning knowing the fact that hand gestures for instance are associated with culture and thus they would convey contradictory meaning across different culture (Thakur & Srivastava, 1997). In other words, specific bodily movements have varying meaning across different cultures, which at some point if not properly used will result to different level of conflicts. Business etiquette The above non-verbal communications are applicable within the business etiquette in the cultural context of Japan and UK. As stated earlier, silence is associated with Japan’s highly collectivist culture while being proactive is in line with UK’s individualist culture. Thus, in the UK an

A Summary of the Guidelines to Achieving Effective Reading Essay Example for Free

A Summary of the Guidelines to Achieving Effective Reading Essay Effective reading is essential to a learner’s success and it can only be achieved by having the right instructions and teaching methods applied. The instructions must be given in the best way possible to ensure that the learners meet their desired objectives. Instruction implementation should happen in a way that it does cover every form of information technologies, including the networked information which evidently is rapidly growing. The following paper will summarize the guidelines to the achievement of these effecting skills. Effective Reading among Learners Learning reading methods has been found to require a lot of improvement in schools in order to have the learner reading with a lot of ease and without lots of problems. Research has shown that teachers need to employ methods that should help their learners know how to go about their reading. It has also been realised that beginners need to be given introductory skills on reading because this aids in the improvement of their performance and promotes success. In relation to this, the International Reading Association has position statements that guide teachers on how to go about teaching the reading methods. With this in place, there are still controversies over the positions. The controversy comes as a result of some children not applying the methods as taught and hence making it appear as though the teacher has not followed the instruction as stated. On the other hand, as much as there is controversy in methods of teaching reading, there seems to be less controversy in what a child should learn. A skilled reading methods teacher can see their learners and know what to teach to each of the children so that in the end, the teaching methods are effectively taught to the learners. When teaching children reading skills, the teacher must know what to teach to which learner. A child who has learnt letter sounds does not require phonemic lessons, therefore the method employed on every child, depends on the child’s level of advancement in learning. In accordance with this, it is proper that the federal state only offer support and provides resources to the policy makers for them to make the positions because they stand a better chance of formulating the positions. The International Reading Association recommends that the school district must involve the parents in helping the teachers know their children and thus aid in their academic progress. The Role of Teaching Specialists in Ensuring All Children Learn How to Read According to the National Researcher council, it is important that all schools have a reading specialist whose role is to assist children master their reading skills. This is also as a result of the complex situations and the wide range of diversity in schools today. They together with the teachers work to ensure that all children emerge good readers. A reading specialist is a person with educational credentials and therefore, is a professional with qualifications and experience required by the education body and meets the proficiencies of the standards. The specialists may work in one or more of the available education levels ranging from early childhood to secondary to private institutions across to the adult learners. It is recommended that the specialists working with the adult learners need to have more understanding for their learners. Children range from those who are fit and healthy to those from poor backgrounds, those with physical, psychological and emotional problems. There are also those that are struggling to learn English and therefore those with problems as regards their reading require the help of a reading consultant to guide them. The role of a reading specialist in helping the students improve their reading include:- (a) Instructive role whereby the specialist does the work of supplementing and enhancing the work of the classroom teacher who must work collaboratively with the reading specialist. The two can give the instructions in class or the specialist may give instructions outside the classroom if student requires specialized instructions. (b) The specialist also does the assessment of the development of literacy levels. This the specialist may do by observing the student, evaluating the results of the past literacy tests. The specialist also plays the role of coordination with the district and state standards. He or she gives the report on the development in literacy learning. (c) All coupled, reading specialists have the leadership role in that they aid the teachers, administrators and parents to get to understand more about teaching reading. By collaborating with both teachers and parents, they help build good home school connections. This therefore calls for reading specialists to be knowledgeable and be professionally fit to perform their work effectively. Internet and Its Impact on Even Literacy Levels across the Globe In today’s world, the levels of literacy change every time given the availability of the internet. With the technology in place, learners are required to update their knowledge in order to have their literacy levels right. In order to have the learners and the first improving technology at per, a number of factors must be looked into. These include the rapid rate at which the internet is getting into almost all classrooms in the developed nations around the world and therefore calls for proper measures to be put in place to ensure the children get access to it. This is done by having computers connected to the internet in every classroom. Equity in the access of internet in the developed and developing nations should be improved in order to avoid widening the literacy gap between the two sets of nations. Education that is adequate should be provided and development of staff needs to be done to ensure the teachers frequently integrate new literalises in their curriculum. Teachers’ education programs can greatly help in preparing the teachers in using the new instruction technologies. To achieve the desired results, the Professional Literacy Organization should offer support in the provision of creative initiatives and increased access, provide professional development and enhance the teachers’ education program. With the above wanting to be acted on, the public policies must be adjusted in such a manner that reading is not only defined around books but should include the networked information technologies that have become vital in the success of students. Reading must be effectively taught and to achieve this, teachers should make use of professional development to learn new instruction strategies. They should also give equal opportunities to students in accessing the ICT facilities. In general, to have reading teachings succeed; Parents, teachers, school administrators, teachers’ educators, policymakers and researchers must collaborate to have learning maintained at the required standards. Recommendation In order for reading beginners to eventually become successful students, they need to have obtained the necessary skills that mould them into perfect readers. The U. S. agenda aims at improving the literacy performance of students, considering the increasing demands for educating all students to achieve at high levels. It is important that schools have qualified personnel to address the challenges facing the students. Such personnel must include a professional reading specialist as a core member of the educational team. However, middle schools and high schools should have the same instructional support, because effective reading instruction must be guided by reading specialists across all grade levels. In addition to this, networked information technologies require incorporation so that learning meets demands of the rapidly improving education levels. References International Reading Association, 1999. Using Multiple Methods of Beginning Reading Instruction. Retrieved from www. reading. org . International Reading Association, 2000. Teaching All Children to Read: The Roles Reading Specialist. Retrieved from www. reading. org . International Reading Association, 2009. New Literacies and 21st Century Technologies. Retrieved from www. reading. org .

Buddhism Essay -- essays research papers fc

High in the mountains of the Himalayas chants ring out from the Tibetan monastery. For most this is a dream-like vacation to a far away land. For some of the people who live in Tibet and India this is everyday life as a Buddhist. Buddhism revolves around a strict code of daily rituals and meditations. To an outsider they can seem mystical or even odd, but these are the paths to enlightenment and spiritual salvation. Throughout the centuries, Buddhism has evolved into a major religion in Asia and other parts of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The mystical roots of Buddhism can be traced back to the first century BCE. Buddhism began with the birth of Siddhartha Gautama. When Siddhartha was born he was noticed as having â€Å"the 32 auspicious signs of an enlightened one† (Clark and Brown 3). His father, fearing Siddhartha would shun his inheritance, confined him to the walls of the palace, never allowing his son to experience want or suffering. However, Siddhartha on several occasions ventured outside the confines of the palace. On one of his visits into the city â€Å"he saw an ascetic begging for alms in the city square. It was then that he realized that there was meaning beyond physical existence† (Clark and Brown 3). Siddhartha then gave up his possessions to search for enlightenment. He discovers that by following the path of moderation, one can become enlightened (Clark and Brown 3). And so, he attained Buddhahood. Afterwards Buddha, the name given to an enlightened one, travels thro ugh India â€Å"preaching and educating others about the middle path† (Clark and Brown 3). From this, Buddhism was born.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The religion of Buddhism is not entirely in a sphere of its own. In fact, it combines several influences born in and around the Asian continent. The first religious influence is Taoism. Taoism embraces the belief in the fluid like spirit that flows throughout everyone and everything. The primary belief of Taoists is that the universe is in constant change.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Taoists believe that nature and the earth is constantly in flux. Simply, the only constant in the world is change. When individuals learn that growth and movement are natural and necessary, they can become balanced (Clark and Brown 7). Taoism teaches self-control and the importance of meditation in searching for enlightenment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  &nbs... ...ver which the imperial family presided, had been largely eclipsed by Buddhism† (Ralph et al 34). Aspects of the religion have also moved into the U.S., Growing interest in Asian culture and spiritual values in the West has led to the development of a number of societies devoted to the study and practice of Buddhism. Zen has grown in the United States to encompass more than a dozen meditation centers and a number of actual monasteries (McDermott 2). The Buddhist religion encompasses a large spectrum of people all diverse but united under the words and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama. Works Cited Clark, Laura, and Suzanne Brown. Vietnamese Buddhism. 18 Jan. 2000. . Dharma Haven. Healing, Relaxing and Awakening: Tibetan Buddhist Methods. 16 Jan. 2000. . 18 May 1999. Hansen, Jytte. Mandala. 17 Jan 2000. . 1 March 1997 McDermott, James Paul. Buddhism Today. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 99. Ralph, Phillip Lee, et al. World Civilizations: Their History and Culture. 9th edition. New York: Norton, 1997.

Agriculture in Nepal

The major economic source of the majority of the families in our country is agriculture. More than 70% of our human resources are involved in agriculture and this sector provides for nearly 40% of the gross domestic product. Thus agriculture is the major occupation, main enterprise and the major lifestyle of the country. The unit of the agricultural system in our country currently is a family. If we take a general representative example we see that the enterprise has familial investment, and the products of the enterprise are consumed in the family itself, and the products do not have access to the markets.Once in a while, if the production of the family exceeds the consumption it is obviously difficult for a family to find the markets, transport the products to the markets if they find one, and bargain for profits, and for the security of their farm or animal products. To add to that competitions with established national and international enterprises leads to economic failures whic h have interrupted the few efforts of enterpreneurship that were tried. With both remnants of the century-old systems and the sparks of modern agriculture systems seen, the major trends of the national agricultural behaviour, systems and production are as follows:1. Investment: The major share of investment on agriculture are occupied by land and human labour. Technology, irrigation, infrastructure development, and provision of chemical fertilizers are out of imagination and potentials for a family, and the government also is still to concentrate on this issue. Also a sizable number does not even have access to cultivable land and thus cheap human labour is all they can sell, which further limits their ambitions for financial prosperity.Even families with land are devoid of modern technology due to economic and/or educational reasons. The main agricultural tools are still the centuries old local kuto, kodalo and halo. 2. Financial Unit: At present, the study of the Madhes, Pahad, Hi mal or any geography reveals that entrepreneurship is lacking in part due to land fragmentation . Due to lack of collective agricultural systems small familial financial units are created which are incapable of competing with larger established national or international financial enterprises.Product Diversification: Although agriculture has to favorable according to the geology and climate, the present trend is that all families across the nation from mountains to the plains and across the east-west channel grow the same varieties of crops and rear the same livestock. There is a trend of each family growing all it needs for subsistence rather than farming according to the microclimate. 4. Mentality: The educated youth do not wish to pursue agriculture as a career. There is a general lack of promoting entrepreneurship in the country in general.Research and Development: There is little co-ordination if any between the limited Agricultural School and Research Centres. Farmers can only regret when their whole harvest is destroyed by pests. Lack of proper testing and pretesting of hybrids continue to ruin the investments of the poor farmers. Furthermore, it has been a challenge to retain the agroscientists and technicians in the country as seen in other technical sectors. 6. Support Systems and Infrastructure: There is a poor state of credit provision to the farmers. The corporate banks are investing well below the policy requirement of 10% in agriculture.Also the interest on agricultural loans is very high compared to real state and automobile loans. There is virtually no provision of insurance and securitization on the agriculture sector. The lack of supporting infrastructure needs no description, there are no adequate rural roads, storage facilities and cold-stores are a rarity and demand for the required electricity facilities is unmet. The focus of social and economic life of our country, the agriculture sector is still family-based, subsistent and non-profess ional. Therefore it has to be replaced to develop a technical, collective and entrepreneurial system of agriculture.

“Frankenstein” by Mary Shelley Essay

No matter how much two individuals are alike, there are always traits that separate one from the other. In Mary Shelley’s novel â€Å"Frankenstein†, Victor Frankenstein and Robert Walton are both seekers of knowledge who are determined to succeed. However, while Walton is able to risk everything, Frankenstein soon realizes his errors in his frenzied obsession with discovery. The novel begins with Robert Walton’s caring letters to his sister Margaret. Walton bids farewell to his â€Å"dear, excellent Margaret(9)†, and thanks her for her â€Å"love and kindness(9)†. His words display his love and affection for Margaret. Robert Walton, while seemingly unfeeling on his search for discovery, is tender to his beloved sister. In the same manner, Victor Frankenstein harbors love for Elizabeth Lavenza. Frankenstein creates a horrific killing creature, yet still has the heart to be affectionate to cousin. Even before Frankenstein looks at Elizabeth as his spouse, she was a sister to him, the same way Margaret is a sisterly character to Walton. Loneliness is another aspect that Frankenstein and Walton have in common. Although loved ones first surround Frankenstein, the Creature soon takes out his anger of life and of Victor by killing all those close to him. After those unfortunate occurrences, Frankenstein is left lonely, with only one goal, to seek revenge on the Creature. Walton’s loneliness is clearly described in his first letters to Margaret. Perhaps the most obvious similarity connecting Robert Walton and Victor Frankenstein is their quest for knowledge, or â€Å"the country of eternal life† as Walton described in a letter to his sister. Robert Walton’s perilous journey to the Arctic is very much like Frankenstein’s search for the secret of life. Walton explores unknown territory in the north. Likewise, Frankenstein delves into undiscovered territory on a theoretical basis. In the field of science, Frankenstein is very determined to achieve his goal. He describes his summer, as a time when he was â€Å"engaged, heart and soul, in one pursuit(34)†. However, as soon as his creation, the Creature, opens his eyes, Victor Frankenstein realizes his mistakes in going against nature,  thus terminating his quest to revive life. Robert Walton, on the other hand, is still persistent on his expedition. He faces many obstacles like the numbing cold and abundance of ice, but Walton has not yet faced anything like the shocking creation of the Creature, that would stop him from his task. He continues Another characteristic that separates Frankenstein and Walton is their ability to attain friends. Frankenstein is constantly surrounded by his loved ones, if not his father or Elizabeth, then it is his best friend Henry Clerval. Unlike Frankenstein, Robert Walton seems unable to make friends. In his second letter to his sister, he writes that he desperately â€Å"feels† the want of a friend(10)†. Victor Frankenstein, on the other hand, even finds a friend in M. Waldman, his professor. He is blessed with companions, though he soon loses them by the hand of the Creature. Meanwhile, Walton, having no friends finds one in Frankenstein. Victor Frankenstein and Robert Walton, both looking to achieve one goal, have many traits in common. Yet, no two people can be exactly alike, thus they also have areas in which the other lacks in. They both have love, and seek the truth. At the same time, Walton and Frankenstein have very different personalities, shown in their ability to make friends, and both go through different lengths to gain knowledge. In the end, they both learn that knowledge is not everything, and sometimes turning back is not so horrible.

Background Of Christian Counselling Religion Essay Essay Example

Background Of Christian Counselling Religion Essay Essay Example Background Of Christian Counselling Religion Essay Essay Background Of Christian Counselling Religion Essay Essay with a construct that individuals are born with chance of being self-constructive every bit good as irrational ( Self destructive ) . They possess self saving inherent aptitudes. He concludes by saying that our challenges are entirely caused by our deformed ideas.[ 4 ]Gerald Corey in his book observed that the Cognitive Behaviour attack frequently play down on emotions without the geographic expedition of cardinal struggles. It neglects the importance of the Client s personal history. It concludes by stating that the R.E.B.T being a confrontational therapy could take to headlong surcease, while the C.B.T might be excessively officially prearranged for some Clients. However, all through the old ages this attack, by manner of uninterrupted rating has attained a high grade of answerability which makes room for ego directed plans for behavioral alteration.[ 5 ] Humanist Approach On the other manus, the Humanistic attack ( or individual centred ) reding frequently called the third force which was explained in Kavita Singh s book Counselling accomplishments for directors , has its subject based on assisting relationships whereby all human interactions is aimed to the realisation of Psychological growing or Maturity. This attack was propounded by Carl Rogers. It is based on a hypothesis that one s position of oneself within the context of environment influences one s actions and personal satisfactions .[ 6 ] Another popular theoretical account in Humanistic Approach to Counselling is the Abraham Maslow s hierarchy of demands which harmonizing to CSCT Counselling brochure says that the Hierarchy of demands which relates to inspiration by two factors, viz. guaranting continued being by fulfillment of basic bodily and mental demands and secondly the demand for self realization or realisation of a individual s full potency. These assorted demands, is projected from the base of a trigon to the vertex from Physiological, Safety, Belonging, Recognition needs and in conclusion self realization demands.[ 7 ]Albert Ellis the Founder of Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy ( R.E.B.T ) has pinpointed a defect in the humanistic attack to reding saying that it is frequently excessively soft and fails to get by with the truth that individuals can practically self-destruct through absurd and littered thought.[ 8 ]However, Harmonizing to William Stewart s book its strength is based on the fact that it f acilitates discourse with Multicultural groups amongst assorted cultural population. It besides compliments Client s ideal, non-judgemental attitude, freedom on what Clients want to be explored in Sessionss.[ 9 ] Psychodynamic Approach Psychodynamic attack to reding harmonizing to Windy Dryden and Jill Milton s book is based on Psychoanalytical theories such as the theoretical account and pattern of Sigmund Freud where the Centre of attending is on the rule that a great portion of our mental operation is unconscious. The unconscious portion of our memories contains ideas and feelings which we have subdued in order to besiege hurting and struggle they might do. It farther provinces that despite the points of idea being out of head they do have serious impact on behaviors, ideas and feelings.[ 10 ] Similarly, another Psychodynamic attack is the Attachment and Loss theoretical account by John Bowlby, which harmonizing to William Stewart s book focuses on heartache as an look of separation anxiousness and intense desire to recapture the doomed relationship . He gave illustrations of such loss to run from beloved 1s, material objects, a portion of the individual eg a limb, an event such as divorce, etc.[ 11 ]While this attack finds its strength in being applicable to groups and persons, harmonizing to Gerald Corey its restriction is that the healers require extended preparation period while costs to the clients are rather expensive. The Psychoanalytical attack to reding takes attention of Biological and instinctual facets at the disregard of societal, cultural and interpersonal issues . It is constantly non applicable to typical day-to-day life issues and non suited for cultural and cultural groups. It has besides being realized that a great figure of clients lack the self-est eem energy required for good rehabilitation.[ 12 ] Background of Christian Counselling Harmonizing to Newman s book there are no common attacks to Christian Counselling, he made mention to Charles Kollar who researched that bulk of Pastor really adopt cognitive behavioral attack to therapy. In position of the deficiency of uniformity in practise some Curates do wholly fling the term Christian Counselling for Biblical Counselling which is specific and welcoming. However, it was historically observed that Reding in Christendom was called Pastoral attention which to mentions from the books of Gregory the Great, Martin Luther, John Wesley, etc. They so concentrated on supplications, confessions, forgiveness and general application of Biblical rules to day-to-day Living. This continued until the clip of Sigmund Freud Psychoanalysis and the humanistic attacks produced pastoral Counselling which finally created struggles particularly with the obvious opposition in accommodating the Bible rules with secular attacks.[ 13 ] Emerging Counselling Models Consequently, Eric L Johnson and Stanton L Jones in the book Psychology and Christianity gave inside informations of the debut of Nouthetic reding whic was brought approximately by Jay Adams after vehemently opposing the secular guidance attacks as being counter to Christianity. Adams propounded ( from Nouthetic reding ) that Christian Counselling should be of Biblical footing with Sin being Centre of attending, since it is responsible for most psychological challenges. He so detailed the construct in his book Competent to advocate .[ 14 ]Other Models harmonizing to Newman are Discipleship Counselling by Gary Collins and Effective Biblical Counselling by Lawrence Crabb.[ 15 ] Integration Debates of Ssecular and Christian Counselling. Harmonizing to John W Hibler s diary, the argument possessed two sides viz. : those who believe that the Bible is equal and farther public-service corporation of modern Psychology and psychotherapy simply pollutes the Bible truth, therefore no accomplishable integrating and on the other manus are integrationist with the statement that general Revelation is a justifiable beginning of truth hence prefer a cautious usage of Modern Theory and methods controlled by scriptural divinity and Christian Worldview. Hibler farther stated that the integrationist based their statement upon the tenet of general disclosure or New Testament citations which indicated the adequateness of Christ and the religious gift of the church. Hibler nevertheless based his composing on the undermined position point of the Old Testament wisdom literature viz. the book of Proverbs which implies that the manner of wisdom pave the manner to honesty and guiltless Character, a life lived in the fright of the Lord. ( Prov. 1:1-7, 2: 1-22, 8: 1-21 ) . With wisdom and righteousness being on the same tract, a wise adult male and righteous adult male are indistinguishable. ( Prov. 8:20 ; 9:9 ) .[ 16 ] Similarly, Siang-Yang Tan in his book identifies the statement that supports the use of specific or curative methods used in reding and therapy, but should be in harmoniousness with the Bible. This attack was exemplified by McMinn and Campbell ( 2007 ) who used integrative psychotherapeutics, which entails behavioral, cognitive and interpersonal theoretical accounts which are within the Christian Theological frame work.[ 17 ] Furthermore, harmonizing to Jef De Vriese s Journal, He observed that the job relief factors of both secular and Christian guidance are common hence one could ab initio presume that they are collaborated. However, on farther examining secular reding maps from Human resources therefore humanistic. Contrastingly, Christian guidance is directed towards God. Most outstanding point is that Self geographic expedition in Christian guidance has an external point of attending which is God and his Word. They restrict the flight of emotions but route them through reshaping of ideas behind them. Vriese pointed out assorted points from Christian reding argument point of positions as follows ; that Non-specific healing factor from secular reding are across-the-board in the bible hence a priceless theoretical account based on the Bibles can be developed. Any Counselling Model that does non hold God at its focal point is Unacceptable The undermentioned books of the Bible are in harmony with this fact ; Romans 14:23, 1st Cor. 10:31 which does non hold religion and God s program for this universe. Rom 7: 5 he who is non with me is against me and he who does non garner with me spreads The lone manner Christian guidance can utilize secular methods is by reshaping so from Biblical point. Penetrations from secular guidance can function as a agency to convey out methods already in the Bible such as method of believing as in Cognitive restructuring. The purification and reformation theoretical accounts supports the demand to really reform or sublimate elements from the secular guidance to be biblically acceptable before they can be utilized. The bible as a Handbook truly provides all that is needed to populate a fulfilled life but the How to use the content in complex state of affairs remains unsolved in Christain guidance.[ 18 ] Vriese nevertheless concludes with the Challenge that researches could so be developed in support of integrating but with the position to guarantee public-service corporation of all secular attacks to reding that does non oppose Biblical truths. Summarily, after sing assorted sides of the argument, I agree with the statement of Micninn and Campbell which demonstrated that utile infusions can be made from secular reding to the extent to which they do non hold any contradiction with Biblical positions. This position was besides in understanding with Vriese assorted points, as the purification reformation theoretical accounts, and the theoretical account amongst others that takes portion of secular reding applicable to Christian guidance by manner of cognitive restricting.

Changing Role and Key Skills to Be Acquired-Myasssignmenthelp.Com

What Is the My Changing Role and Key Skills to Be Acquired? I am working for an apparel manufacturing company, EthnicCharisma, dealing in personalized fashion garments, essentially for women. We have only two outlets in the Dubai and we cater mostly to the local buyers including tourists. At present several tourists buy traditional scarves and garments as souvenirs for their families back at home. However our focus is not on exports. At present we are making moderate sale especially during the winters. Our company focuses on brick and mortar based point of sales rather than e-commerce. Also the tastes are changing and hence competition from online transactions is increasing becoming our threats. UAE is one of the key textile markets globally and was worth USD13 billion in 2011. The apparel and footwear segments went through slow growth compared to 2015. This is due to falling prices of oil and gold since 2014. The retailers are coming up with innovative offers in order to compensate the situation and maintain some kind of positive growth (Euro Monitor International, 2017). The pressure is higher due to slowing economies, budget constraints and salary cuts. So the key factor is innovative ways of marketing and adapting to changing westernized tastes and preferences. Also the more the firm can diversify the better. In my company where I mainly look after the marketing and customer relations, the focus is essentially on traditional women’s wear. They are presently contemplating diversification into kids’ and men’s wear. However I personally think that instead of considering garments, the venture could stream into gems and jewelries or accessories like bags and designer watches. The products should also match the changing tastes and be knitted into more fashionable light and close fit garments instead of loose and heavy work ethnic embroideries. The first change driver would be the marketing department. Also a research team might be required in order to carry out some market survey to know the tastes and preferences from potential customers’ feedbacks. I also believe the company’s presence in social media and e-commerce is essential. All these aspects can help in improving the ways of marketing. All these would require proper training, fresh hiring of young and technical people. Skills should be upgraded. Company can hire a professional fashion designer if required. So leader’s change related action, change-related training and aligned human resources practices are the key change drivers (Whelan-Berry and Somerville, 2010). This will obviously take its toll on the cost burden but the investment should pay off in long term. Some of the old staff might feel vulnerable and at risk. The company needs to figure out some ways of using the old people as well instead of wasting too much time training them. Other companies might take advantage of this disturbance if the change is not managed well and attempt to takeaway our market share. This is the main threat. Maintaining consumers’ confidence in the face of rising international brands like H&M, Zara, Next and Matalan is a major challenge but the new strategies should also bring more opportunities to cater to the global market now (Euro Monitor International, 2017). This will be a phase of proactive change which could be difficult as well as an opportune change process for us (Nadina, 2011). My role would perhaps shift from more talking to more typing and less talking. There is a chance that I will need to develop content for marketing through social media. The website needs to be developed attractively. I may need to get involved in some market research before launch of new product line for men and kids. Also its will be important to play as the linkage between customers and the designers and tailors. By the end of the module I expect to be able to apply the theories to practice. In fact I am already associating the theoretical terms more commonly relevant to the business I am familiar with. I also believe I will be more tolerant and confident in dealing with consumers. It is at times important to think like the owners in order to perform better. One needs to expect the worst and work for the best. Keeping a backup plan is very important to face drastic changes. I should be able to do this more efficiently as the module ends. Euro Monitor International, (2017), Apparel and Footwear in the United Arab Emirates, Country Report. Retrieved from: https://www.euromonitor.com/apparel-and-footwear-in-the-united-arab-emirates/report Nadina, R.R.(2011). METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION OF THE NEED FOR ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AS BEING OPPORTUNE, West University of Timioara, Retrieved from: https://ideas.repec.org/a/ora/journl/v1y2011i2p707-712.html Whelan-Berry, K.S. and K.A. Somerville, (2010), Linking Change Drivers and the Organizational Change Process: A Review and Synthesis, Journal of Change Management, 10( 2), 175– 193 .com is an Australia-based assignment help services that aims to fulfill students' requests 'can someone do my assignment online '. We have hired best-qualified and experienced assignment helper to assist students in crafting premier quality academic papers. Students are guaranteed to receive high-quality assignment writing assistance at an affordable price. This is why, we are considered as the best assignment solver . You are required to write a researched argument essay that convinces persuades the reader of your position / stance. This is an academic, researched and referenced do... Executive Summary The purpose of this report is to elaborate the factors which are considered by individuals before selecting an occupation. Choosing an occupati... 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Assignment- Drowning in a Sea of Information Essay

Assignment- Drowning in a Sea of Information - Essay Example computers. While information overload is certainly a reality, artificial intelligence and other mechanisms which allow the sorting and prioritization of information can help in reducing this burden. In essence, the problem is to develop such systems which are as intelligent or perhaps more intelligent than human beings. The business side of the problem of information overload can be handled through data mining and the application of relevance which allow companies and business professional to decide which information is important and which is not. At the present time in the field of artificial intelligence, it is reasonable to say that while some AI systems mimic human intelligence, there is no system in the world which surpasses a human in all aspects of thought, intelligence or even social interaction. However, it is also plausible to say that the rate of development of current machines means that at some point the future, there will certainly be a time when AI based systems become more intelligent than the humans who created them in the first place. Kurzweil’s The Age of Spiritual Machines (1999) presents a very detailed look at the future of artificial intelligence in terms of where they are going and what can be expected of them in coming decades. He focuses on machine intelligence and shows that the evolution of machines has taken a similar path to the evolution of biological creatures but at a much more accelerated pace. Kurzweil describes how computational and processing power has grown exponentially in the past and records were broken as expectations were shattered. For instance, it was once thought that no computer would ever be able to beat a grand master champion at chess but the best human player in the world has been defeated by a computer specifically created for that purpose. For machines which are specifically created to handle

Understanding Concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Understanding Concepts - Essay Example Balance Sheet Ratio Analysis calculates solvency and liquidity of a business. They include Current Ratios = Total Current Assets / Total Current Liabilities. The ratio shows whether a business has sufficient current assets to meet its current debts and leave a margin of safety in case of current assets losses such as collectable accounts or inventory shrinkage. Two to 1 is the favourable current ratio (Stickney, 2010). If the current ratio of a business is low, turning fixed assets into current assets, debts payment, and taking back profits into the business can help raise it. Quick Ratios / acid-test ratio = Cash + Government Securities + Receivables / Total Current Liabilities. 1:1 is the satisfactory acid-test ratio. Working Capital is calculated by taking Total Current Assets less Total Current Liabilities. Leverage Ratio or Debt/Worth Ratio = Total Liabilities / Net Worth. It indicates how far a business relies on debt financing. If this ratio is high, it becomes hard to obtain credit. Income Statement Ratio Analysis measures profitability. They include Gross Margin Ratio = Gross Profit / Net Sales. It calculates the sales dollars left inform of a percentage to cover the company’s overhead expenses. Net Profit Margin Ratio = Net Profit before Tax/ Net Sales. It details the sales percentage, which remain after deducting the Cost of Goods sold and any other expenses apart from income taxes (Stickney, 2010). Management Ratios include Inventory Turnover Ratio = Net Sales / Average Inventory at Cost indicates how effectively inventory is managed. Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio (in days) = Accounts Receivable / Daily Credit Sales; it shows how effectively the receivables are collected. Return on Assets Ratio = Net Profit before Tax / Total Assets; it measures how effectively profits are being derived from the assets in the

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 59

Assignment Example In addition, professionalism may face numerous issues during the presentation because of the dressing code. Having attire that makes an individual confident during a presentation is an added advantage as it raises the self-esteem to overcome all stances of incivility. Presentations may pose problems to an individual when he or she lacks the etiquette required. Business etiquette involves numerous issues that may hinder an individual’s presentation especially in instances where the presenter parties with his or her work mates and act irresponsibly. Such a trait may augment undesirable behavior from the work mates thereby making the presentation a hard thing to achieve in such situations. A presenter may face stances of incivility in instances where the presentation is targeted to an unfamiliar audience. Unfamiliar audience may not know the characteristics of the presenter thereby acting in a disrespectful manner. When a face-to-face presentation target a multitude of audience, the presenter may be disrupted in substantial levels thereby hindering his or her presentation. In the grouping, I would group Joe and Ellen as teammates. Both of them are hard workers, and that would enable them to complete on the assignment administered. Since Joe is punctual, he will be able to utilize and work on the assignment given with Ellen who may stay late working. These individuals should not work alone as they have varied traits that require each other’s participation. I would assign this group with the responsibilities of drafting the final document after other tasks have been accomplished. During his task, Joe can write the document after Ellen tests and verifies the document. Such document will enable both members to have a thoroughly scrutinized document that has undergone testing and verification. In the next group, I would group Marsha and Suzanne